caspian sea and international law: different options, taking i.c.j.’s judgments into account

نویسندگان

مهرداد ناظمی

چکیده

la dissolution de l’u.r.s.s. en 1991 et le formation d’important consortiums pétroliers à la suite de la conclusion des contrats d’exploration et d’exploitation des hydrocarbures des fonds de la mer caspienne à partir des années 1993 et 1994 par les nouveaux pays riverains et successeurs de l’ex-u.r.s.s. à côté de l’iran, ont très vite succité de sérieuse interrogations relatives au statut juridique de la mer caspienne et aux limites des droits souverains des cinq pays côtiers en droit international. depuis lors, le régime du condominium, le régime du partage et de la délimitation, et même un régime hybride ont requis la faveur des etats riverains et ont ainsi détérminé leurs positions officielles quant à la situation juridique de la mer caspienne entre l’azerbaïdjan, l’iran, le kazakhstan la russie et le turkmenistan. mais, il semble que les positions officielles des etats riverains ont évolué depuis 1998, et compte tenu des arrêts de la c.i.j. dans les affaires relatives à la détérmination de la situation juridique du golfe de fonseca, et à la délimitation du plateau continental de la mer du nord, les différentes et ultimes options du statut juridique de la mer caspienne peuvent enfin se dessiner sous forme de perspectives juridiques au sein des etats riverains. véritable sujet d’actualité internationale, cette étude, accompagnée par des cartes schématiques, a pour objet de consacrer une analyse détaillée à la situation juridique de la mer caspienne en examinant: la pratique juridique des etats riverains (les accords, traités et documents relatifs à la mer caspienne depuis le xviiie siècle jusqu’à nos jours), les positions officielles des cinq pays riverains, la situation juridique actuelle, les solutions transposables comme les zones d’exploitation conjointe des hydrocarbures des fonds des mers, les méthodes et les parts du partage de la mer caspienne entre les pays riverains ainsi que les principes et les règles de la délimitation équitable en droit international, au regard des affaires précitées.

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